a joystick is an indirect, relative, elastic, rate-control, translational input device with two degrees of freedom (x, y angle) and two states (tracked, dragging).a touch screen is a direct, absolute, isometric, position-control input device with two or more degrees of freedom (x, y position and optionally pressure) and two states (out of range, dragging).a computer mouse is an indirect, relative, isotonic, position-control, translational input device with two degrees of freedom (x, y position) and two states (tracking, dragging).Examples for these states are out of range, tracking or dragging. However the Wiimote has 6 degrees of freedom: x-, y- and z-axis for movement as well as for rotation.Īs mentioned later in this article, pointing devices have different possible states. A computer mouse has two degrees of freedom, namely its movement on the x- and y-axis. It therefore controls the relative position of the cursor compared to its initial position.Īn isotonic pointing device is movable and measures its displacement (mouse, pen, human arm) whereas an isometric device is fixed and measures the force which acts on it (trackpoint, force-sensing touch screen).Īn elastic device increases its force resistance with displacement (joystick).Ī position-control input device (e.g., mouse, finger on touch screen) directly changes the absolute or relative position of the on-screen pointer.Ī rate-control input device (e.g., trackpoint, joystick) changes the speed and direction of the movement of the on-screen pointer.Īnother classification is the differentiation between whether the device is physically translated or rotated.ĭifferent pointing devices have different degrees of freedom (DOF). An indirect-input pointing device is not at the same physical position as the pointer but translates its movement onto the screen (e.g., computer mouse, joystick, stylus on a graphics tablet).Īn absolute-movement input device (e.g., stylus, finger on touch screen) provides a consistent mapping between a point in the input space (location/state of the input device) and a point in the output space (position of pointer on screen).Ī relative-movement input device (e.g., mouse, joystick) maps displacement in the input space to displacement in the output state. In case of a direct-input pointing device, the on-screen pointer is at the same physical position as the pointing device (e.g., finger on a touch screen, stylus on a tablet computer). The following points should provide an overview of the different classifications. For example, the device's movement, controlling, positioning or resistance. To classify several pointing devices, a certain number of features can be considered. 4.2 Applying Fitts' Law in user interface design.
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